Antidote for methanol poisoning7/6/2023 Methanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to formaldehyde. Mechanisms of Toxicity: Methanol has a relatively low toxicity and metabolism is responsible for the transformation of methanol to its toxic metabolites. The absorption of methanol following oral administration is rapid and peak methanol concentrations occur within 30–60 minutes. The contribution of the fast absorption process to overall methanol absorption also was larger in the mouse than in the rat.Ībstract: Epidemiology: Almost all cases of acute methanol toxicity result from ingestion, though rarely cases of poisoning have followed inhalation or dermal absorption. When normalized for body weight, mice evidenced a higher maximal elimination rate than rats (Vmax = 117 +/- 3 mg/hr/kg vs 60.7 +/- 1.4 mg/hr/kg for rats). Kinetic parameters (Vmax for elimination, apparent volume of the central compartment, first-order rate constants for intercompartmental transfer, and first-order absorption rate constants for fast and slow absorption processes) were compared between species. Blood methanol concentration-time data after oral administration could be described by a one-compartment (mice) or two-compartment (rats) model with Michaelis-Menten elimination from the central compartment and biphasic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. administration of methanol to mice were well described by a one-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination. As expected, the disposition of methanol was nonlinear in both species. Rats received a single oral dose of 2.5 g/kg methanol. ![]() Mice received a single dose of 2.5 g/kg methanol either po (by gavage) or i.v. ![]() TL DR: The toxicokinetics of methanol in female CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were examined to explore the possibility of species differences in the disposition of the compound.Ībstract: The toxicokinetics of methanol in female CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were examined to explore the possibility of species differences in the disposition of the compound.
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